Section: Principles of Management

4) The Hawthorne studies:

1. found that to increase worker efficiency, management must analyze and minimize the motions required to complete a task.
2. found that workers accept a managerial directive only if it is acceptable in terms of their personal interests.
3. found that when workers know they are being watched, their productivity increases.
4. found that a worker is inherently lazy and will use any excuse not to perform their duties.
5. found better ways to manage projects by creating charts of when tasks should be completed.

Elton Mayo and his colleagues found that worker productivity increases if workers know they are being watched. The phenomenon became known as the Hawthorne effect.