Section: AP Government

25) Lemon v. Kurtzman, Schenk v. United Sates, and New York Times v. Sullivan all have what in common?

1. They each deal with the limits of the First Amendment
2. They each deal with the elastic clause.
3. They each deal with limiting the power of the federal government.
4. They each deal with freedom of speech.
5. They each appeared during the landmark year of 1917.

Lemon v. Kurtzman: 
The Lemon Test. In 1971, the Supreme Court heard the case of Lemon v Kurtzman (403 US 602). In the case, the Court decided that a Rhode Island law that paid some of the salary of some parochial school teachers was unconstitutional. The case is discussed in more detail on the Constitution and Religion Page.\

Schenck v. United States:
Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919), is a United States Supreme Court decision concerning enforcement of the Espionage Act of 1917 during World War I.

New York Times v. Sullivan:
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that established the actual malice standard, which has to be met before press reports about public officials can be considered to be defamation and libel; and hence allowed free reporting of the civil rights campaigns.